Description
Patch antenna A patch is a type of antenna with a low profile that can be mounted on a surface. An antenna consists of a flat rectangular, circular, triangular, or any other geometrically shaped sheet of metal (called a “patch”) mounted on top of a larger sheet of metal called a grounded plane.
This is the original type of microstrip antenna described by Howell in 1972. [1] Two sheets of metal together form the resonant portion of a microstrip transmission line about half the wavelength of a radio wave. Radiation occurs through the edging of the fields along the radiating edges. [2] The radiation at the edges causes the antenna to electrically exert slightly more than its physical dimensions. In order for the antenna to be resonant, the microstrip transmission line is slightly shorter than half the wavelength at the frequency used.
A patch antenna is convenient for use at microwave frequencies where the wavelengths are short enough for the “patches” to be comfortably small. Patch antenna is widely used in portable wireless devices because of its ease of fabrication on PCBs. Multiple patch antennas on a single substrate (see image), called microstrip antennas, can be used to create high-gain antenna arrays and phased arrays in which the beam can be electronically controlled.
A kind of patch antenna commonly used in mobile phones is a shorted patch antenna or a flat inverse F antenna. In this antenna, one corner of the pad (or sometimes one edge) is grounded with a ground pin. Another type of patch antenna with a partially engraved ground plane (known as a printed monopoly antenna) is a fairly versatile antenna for two-band operation.
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